جمعه، شهریور ۲۳، ۱۳۸۶

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A Brief Description
Much like the ancient Roman and Egyptian empires, China led much of the world in the arts and sciences for hundreds of years.
Then, in the 19th Century, China experienced debilitating civil unrest, significant food shortages, military defeats, and foreign occupation.
With the end of World War II, the upstart Communists under the leadership of MAO Zedong established a dictatorship that, while ensuring China's sovereignty, imposed strict controls over everyday life, and cost the lives of tens of millions of people.
After 1978, his successor DENG Xiaoping gradually introduced market-oriented reforms and decentralized economic decision-making.
Those efforts were successful as GDP output quadrupled by the year 2000. Today, political controls still remain tight, but more and more economic controls continue to be relaxed. China's economy is booming and its influence is growing worldwide.
Tourism, always popular in China, is a growth industry, as the country presents (quite possibly), the most fascinating destination on the planet.
Facts and Figures
Name China
Long form People's Republic of China
Population 1,306,313,800 (1 out of 192)
Capital City Beijing metro (14.2 million)
Currency Yuan (CNY)
Languages Standard Chinese or Mandarin (Putonghua,) Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghaiese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan, Xiang, Gan and Hakka dialects
National Day October 1
Religions Officially atheist, with small groups of Daoist, Buddhist, Muslim and Christian Geographic Coordinates
Latitude/Longitude (capital city) 39° 55' N, 116° 20' E
Relative Location China is located in both the eastern and northern hemispheres. It occupies a huge part of eastern Asia and is bordered by the Yellow Sea, South China Sea, Pacific Ocean and by (14 countries), including North Korea, Russian Federation, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, Laos and Vietnam.
Land Statistics
Coastline 14,500 km
Land Areas
Land 9,326,410 sq km
Water 270,550 sq km
TOTAL 9,596,960 sq km (4 out of 192)
Landforms In the vast western reaches of China - mountains, high plateaus and deserts dominate the landscape, while central and east the land slopes into broad plains and deltas.
The Himalayas, the world's most elevated mountain range, forms its southwestern borders with India, Nepal and Bhutan. In the far northeast, high mountains ring its border with the Russian Federation.
The Gobi Desert runs west to east along its border with Mongolia. Here the topography varies from sand desert, into the low mountain foothills and plateaus that stretch into Mongolia.
From the higher elevations in the west literally thousands of rivers drain the country; the most significant include the Yangtze (third longest river on the planet), and the Heilong (Amur), Mekong, Pearl and Yellow.
Highest Point Mt. Everest - 8.850 m
Lowest Point Turpan Pendi (-154 m)
Climate A broad range of weather is common in the large country of China. There's mostly tropical weather in the south and southeast, much cooler (and colder) temperatures in the far north, and subarctic conditions in the far southwest in the Himalaya Mountain system.
Rainfall is heavy along the southern coastal areas, lighter in the western regions, while north (in the Gobi Desert areas) participation is generally sparse.