این کشور کوچک آفریقایی با مساحتی حدود 28051 کیلومتر مربع (کوچکتر از استان کردستان)، در قسمت غربی مرکز قاره آفریقا و کمی بالاتر از خط استوا قرار دارد. گینه استوایی از شمال به کامرون، از شرق و جنوب به گابن و از غرب به خلیج گینه محدود می‌شود
نخستین بار در سال 1472 میلادی دریانوردی پرتقالی به نام "فرنائو دو پو" (Fernão do Pó) در جستجوهایش برای یافتن راهی به سمت هند، این سرزمین را کشف کرد و آن را "فرموسا" (به معنی زیبا) نامید. اما نام این سرزمین خیلی زود به نام این دریانورد پرتقالی تغییر یافت
همانطور که از اسمش پیداست، گینه استوایی، آب و هوایی استوایی دارد و همیشه گرم است و مرطوب. علی‌رغم کوچک بودن این کشور، میانگین بارندگی سالانه آن در نواحی مختلف بسیار متنوع است. به عنوان مثال "مالابو" پایتخت این کشور بارندگی سالانه‌ای معادل 1930 میلی‌متر دارد اما اورکا با بارندگی 11430 میلی‌متر در سال یکی از پر باران‌ترین نواحی دنیاست. جزیره آنوبون در غرب گینه استوایی تاکنون در تاریخ ثبت آمار هواشناسی، حتی یک روز بدون ابر نداشته است
دمای هوا در اکثر نقاط این کشور و در طول سال بین 16 تا 33 درجه سانتی‌گراد است
پست‌ترین نقطه گینه استوایی نواحی ساحلی اقیانوس اطلس است (ارتفاع 0) و بلندترین نقطه این کشور کوه پیکو باسیله با ارتفاع 3008 متر است
طبق تخمین سازمان ملل در جولای 2009، جمعیت گینه استوایی 633441 نفر می‌باشد که بیشتر این جمعیت اصلیت قبیله بانتو را دارند. بانتو گروهی بزرگ از قبایل و زبان‌های آفریقایی را شامل می‌شود که حدود 400 نژاد را از کامرون تا آفریقای مرکزی، شرقی و جنوبی در بر می‌گیرد. بانتو در لغت به معنی "مردم" است. علی‌رغم این که اکثر اروپایی‌ها (اسپانیایی‌ها) پس از استقلال گینه استوایی، مهاجرت کردند، هنوز هم اروپایی‌هایی از اسپانیا و پرتقال در گینه استوایی زندگی می‌کنند. با مهاجرت کامرونی‌ها، نیجریه‌ای‌ها و گابنی‌ها به گینه استوایی روز به روز به جمعیت خارجیان گینه استوایی افزوده می‌شود. ضمن این که چینی‌ها و هندی‌ها نیز برای کار در مزارع کاکائو و قهوه به این کشور مهاجرت می‌کنند
گینه استوایی سه زبان رسمی دارد. زبان اسپانیایی که 165 است زبان رسمی این کشور محسوب می‌شود به علاوه فرانسوی و پرتقالی. زبان پرتقالی را "تئودورو اوبیانگ انگوئما امباسوگو" (رئیس جمهور گینه استوایی) در جولای 2007 به منظور عضویت در مجمع کشورهای پرتقالی زبان، به عنوان یکی از زبان‌های رسمی این کشور معرفی کرد. در حال حاضر 90.5 درصد مردم گینه استوایی از زبان اسپانیایی استفاده می‌کنند، 7 درصد زبان‌های محلی، 2 درصد فرانسوی و مابقی زبان انگلیسی، آلمانی و .... زبان‌های رایج بومی مردم گینه استوایی عبارتند از؛"آنوبونه‌سه" (Annobonesse)
93 درصد از مردم گینه استوایی مسیحی (87 درصد کاتولیک – 6 درصد پروتستان) هستند. 5 درصد پیرو ادیان بومی و 2 درصد مسلمان (عمدتاً بهایی)؛
93 درصد از مردم گینه استوایی مسیحی (87 درصد کاتولیک – 6 درصد پروتستان) هستند. 5 درصد پیرو ادیان بومی و 2 درصد مسلمان (عمدتاً بهایی)؛
گینه استوایی در سال 1968 پس از 190 سال که مستعمره اسپانیا بود، استقلال خود را به دست آورد و به جمهوری گینه استوایی تغییر نام داد. اولین رئیس جمهور این کشور فردی دیکتاتور بود به نام "فرانسیسکو ماسیاس انگوئما" (Francisco Macías Nguema) که در دوران ریاست خود، بیش از یک سوم مردم کشورش را اعدام و یا تبعید کرد. 80000 نفر از مردم گینه استوایی به دستور "فرانسیسکو ماسیاس انگوئما" کشته شدند. به همین دلیل اقتصاد این کشور به شدت سقوط کرد و نیروی کار ماهر خارجی و افراد تحصیل کرده محلی فرار را بر قرار ترجیح دادند. در آگوست 1979 "تئودورو اوبیانگ انگوئما امباسوگو" (Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo) در کودتایی خونین "فرانسیسکو ماسیاس انگوئما" را از قدرت برکنار کرد و خود زمام امور را در دست گرفت. هشت هفته بعد، "فرانسیسکو ماسیاس انگوئما" به دلیل جنایاتی که مرتکب شده بود تیر باران شد
از آن سال تاکنون "تئودورو اوبیانگ انگوئما امباسوگو" فرد اول گینه استوایی بوده است و علی‌رغم تغییر قانون اساسی کشورش به جمهوری دموکراتیک و ادعای برگزاری انتخابات از سال 1991 تاکنون، در تمام انتخابات با تقلبی گسترده خود را پیروز اعلام کرده است. با این حال "تئودورو اوبیانگ انگوئما امباسوگو" در مقایسه با "فرانسیسکو ماسیاس انگوئما" فردی معتدل‌تر است. زمانی که "تئودورو اوبیانگ انگوئما امباسوگو" به قدرت رسید، خزانه مملکت تهی بود و جمعیت 1200000 گینه استوایی در سال 1968، به 300000 در سال 1979 تقلیل یافته بود که عمده این جمعیت یا به کشورهای همسایه مهاجرت کرده بودند، یا به اسپانیا و یا این که در دوران فرانسیسکو ماسیاس انگوئما کشته شده بودند
اقتصاد گینه استوایی در سال‌های اخیر (از سال 1996) و پس از اکتشاف منابع نفتی در این کشور به شدت رشد کرده است؛ به طوریکه گینه استوایی هم اکنون سومین کشور صحرایی قاره آفریقاست از لحاظ صادرات نفت خام به شمار می‌رود. با تمام این تفاسیر سود سرشار ناشی از فروش نفت گینه استوایی (370 میلیون پاوند در سال) تنها به جیب دولت این کشور می‌رود و مردم گینه استوایی کماکان از داشتن حداقل‌های زندگی محروم هستند. اکثریت مردم گینه استوایی با روزی کمتر از یک دلار آمریکا زندگی می‌کنند و در خیابان‌های پایتخت این کشور (مالابو) فاضلاب جاری است. وسیله نقلیه عمومی وجود ندارد و آب آشامیدنی و برق به سختی به دست می‌آید
در حالی که اکثر درآمد سرانه این کشور از راه فروش نفت به دست می‌آید، تولید کاکائو، جنگلداری، کشاورزی و ماهیگیری نیز به درآمد سرانه گینه استوایی کمک می‌کند
واحد پول گینه استوایی "فرانک آفریقای مرکزی" است که هر فرانک آن معادل 22.8 ریال ایران است
شش یا هفت فرودگاه ( به علاوه یک فرودگاه خاکی) در گینه استوایی وجود دارد که در این میان، تنها فرودگاه بین‌المللی این کشور فرودگاه "پونتا اروپا" (Punta Europa) در مالابو است. پروازهای بین‌المللی این کشور به نیجریه، گابن، بنین، اسپانیا، آلمان، فرانسه و سوئیس است. هم اکنون خطوط هوایی ثبت شده در گینه استوایی، به دلیل عدم رعایت استانداردهای ایمنی، حق ورود به کشورهای اروپای متحد را ندارند
تنها دانشگاه این کشور "دانشگاه ملی گینه استوایی" (Universidad Nacional de Guinea Ecuatorial) است که دانشکده پزشکی آن تحت کنترل کشور کوباست و تمامی مدرسان آن پزشکان کوبایی هستند. در دوران حکومت فرانسیسکو ماسیاس انگوئما آموزش از اهمیتی برخودار نبود و به همین دلیل نرخ افراد باسواد این کشور از 73 درصد به 43 درصد نزول یافت. اما در حال حاضر تحصیل اجباری و رایگان است
General:
Equatorial Guinea gained independence in 1968 after 190 years of Spanish rule. This tiny country, composed of a mainland portion plus five inhabited islands, is one of the smallest on the African continent. President Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO has ruled the country since 1979 when he seized power in a coup. Although nominally a constitutional democracy since 1991, the 1996 and 2002 presidential elections - as well as the 1999 and 2004 legislative elections - were widely seen as flawed. The president exerts almost total control over the political system and has discouraged political opposition. Equatorial Guinea has experienced rapid economic growth due to the discovery of large offshore oil reserves, and in the last decade has become Sub-Saharan Africa's third largest oil exporter. Despite the country's economic windfall from oil production resulting in a massive increase in government revenue in recent years, there have been few improvements in the population's living standards.
Equatorial Guinea, officially the Republic of Equatorial is a country located in Central Africa. With an area of 28,000 km2 it is one of the smallest countries in continental Africa. It has a population estimated at half a million. It comprises two parts: a Continental Region (Río Muni), including several small offshore islands and an Insular Region where the capital Malabo is situated.
Equatorial Guinea is bordered by Cameroon on the north, Gabon on the south and east, and the Gulf of Guinea on the west.
Equatorial Guinea is the third smallest country in continental Africa in terms of population. The discovery of sizeable petroleum reserves in recent years is altering the economic and political status of the country.
The Portuguese explorer Fernão do Pó, seeking a path to India, is credited as being the first European to discover the island of Bioko in 1472. He called it Formosa ("Beautiful"), but it quickly took on the name of its European discoverer.
Politics:
In September 1968, Francisco Macías Nguema was elected first president of Equatorial Guinea, and independence was recognised on October 12, 1968. In July 1970, Nguema created a single-party state. Nguema’s reign of terror led to the death or exile of up to 1/3 of the country's population. Out of a population of 300,000, an estimated 80,000 had been killed. The economy collapsed, and skilled citizens and foreigners left. Teodoro Obiang deposed Francisco Macías on August 3, 1979 in a bloody coup d'état.
The president of Equatorial Guinea is Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo. The 1982 constitution of Equatorial Guinea gives Obiang extensive powers, including naming and dismissing members of the cabinet, making laws by decree, dissolving the Chamber of Representatives, negotiating and ratifying treaties and calling legislative elections. Obiang, a former brigadier general, retains his role as commander-in-chief of the armed forces and minister of defence. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and operates under powers designated by the President. The Prime Minister coordinates government activities in areas other than foreign affairs, national defense and security.
On December 15, 2002, Equatorial Guinea's four main opposition parties withdrew from the country's presidential election. Obiang won an election widely considered fraudulent by members of the Western press.[citation needed]
The incumbent president has never equalled the bloodthirsty reputation of former dictator Francisco Macías Nguema, whom he overthrew. On Christmas of 1975, Macías had 150 alleged coup plotters executed to the sound of a band playing Mary Hopkin's tune Those Were the Days in a national stadium.[13]
A huge proportion of the £370 million revenue is confiscated by the president while most of the 500,000 people subsist on less than a dollar a day, sewage runs through the streets of the capital Malabo, and there is no public transport and little drinking water or electricity.
He deposed Francisco Macías on 3 August 1979 in a bloody coup d'état. Macías was placed on trial for his activities over the previous decade and sentenced to death. He was executed on 29 September 1979 by firing squad. Obiang declared that the new government would make a fresh start from the repressive measures taken by Macías' administration. He inherited a country with an empty treasury and a population that had dropped to a third of its 1968 level, with about 50% of the former 1.2 million inhabitants having moved either to Spain or to neighboring African countries, or being murdered during the dictatorship of Obiang's predecessor. He formally assumed presidency in October 1979.
A new constitution was adopted in 1982; at the same time, Obiang was elected to a seven-year term as president. He was reelected in 1989 as the only candidate. After other parties were permitted to organize, he was reelected in 1996 and 2002 in elections condemned as fraudulent by international observers.
Economy:
Pre-independence Equatorial Guinea counted on cocoa production for hard currency earnings. It had the highest per capita income of Africa in 1959. The discovery of large oil reserves in 1996 and its subsequent exploitation have contributed to a dramatic increase in government revenue. Forestry, farming, and fishing are also major components of GDP.
Demographics:
The majority of the people of Equatorial Guinea are of Bantu origin. Bantu is a large category of African languages. It also is used as a general label for over 400 ethnic groups in Sub-Saharan Africa, from Cameroon across Central Africa and Eastern Africa to Southern Africa. "Bantu" means "people" in many Bantu languages.
Some Europeans (largely of Spanish or Portuguese descent) – among them mixed with African ethnicity – also live in the nation. Most Spaniards left after independence. There are a growing number of foreigners from neighboring Cameroon, Nigeria, and Gabon. Equatorial Guinea received Asians and black Africans from other countries as workers on cocoa and coffee plantations. Other black Africans came from Liberia, Angola, and Mozambique. Most of the Asian population is Chinese, with small numbers of Indians.
Religion:
The principal religion in Equatorial Guinea is Christianity which is the faith of 93% of the population. These are predominately Catholic (87%) while a minority are Protestants (5%). Another 5% of the population follow indigenous beliefs and the final 2% comprises Muslims, followers of Baha'i and other beliefs.
Official Language:
The official languages of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea are Spanish and French. The aboriginal languages are recognized as integral parts of the national culture. Spanish has been an official language since 1844. In July 2007, President Teodoro Obiang Nguema announced his government's decision for Portuguese to become Equatorial Guinea's third official language, in order to meet the requirements to apply for full membership in the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP). Official numbers: Spanish (90.5%), Native languages (7%), French (2%), others (mainly English, or German, as well as Fernando Poo Creole English, 1.5%).
Climate:
Tropical; always hot, humid
Equatorial Guinea has a tropical climate with distinct wet and dry seasons. From June to August, Río Muni is dry and Bioko wet; from December to February, the reverse obtains. In between there is gradual transition. Rain or mist occurs daily on Annobón, where a cloudless day has never been registered. The temperature at Malabo, Bioko, ranges from 16 °C to 33 °C, though on the southern Moka Plateau normal high temperatures are only 21 °C . In Río Muni, the average temperature is about 27 °C. Annual rainfall varies from 1,930 mm at Malabo to 10,920 mm at Ureka, Bioko, but Río Muni is somewhat drier.
Education:
Education had been significantly neglected under the regime of Francisco Macias, with few children receiving any type of education. The illiteracy rate dropped from 73 percent to 43 percent under President Obiang's tenure. The number of primary school students has risen from 65,000 in 1986 to more than 100,000 in 1994. Education is free and compulsory for children between the ages of 6 and 14.
In recent years, with change in economic/political climate and government social agendas, several cultural dispersion and literacy organizations are now located in the country, founded chiefly with the financial support of the Spanish government. The country has one university, the Universidad Nacional de Guinea Ecuatorial (UNGE) with a campus in Malabo and a Faculty of Medicine located in Bata on the mainland. The Bata Medical School is supported principally by the government of Cuba and staffed by Cuban medical educators and physicians.
Transportation:
There are six airports in Equatorial Guinea. Its main airport is Malabo International Airport in Punta Europa, Bioko Island. International flights operate from here to Nigeria, Gabon, Benin, Spain, Germany, France, and Switzerland. Mainland Equatorial Guinea is served by Bata Airport, north of Bata, which has domestic air services to Malabo. These two airports, along with three smaller airstrips, have the only paved runways in the country. One other airport has an unpaved runway
Every airline registered in the country appears on the list of air carriers prohibited in the European Union (EU) which means that it is banned for safety reasons from operating services of any kind within the EU.
Due to the big-oil presence in the country, internationally recognised carriers fly to Malabo (Bioko). The carriers include:
Air France - from Paris
Lufthansa - from Frankfurt
Iberia - from Madrid
Geography:
Area:
Total: 28,051 sq km
Land: 28,051 sq km
Water: 0 sq km
Elevation Extremes:
Lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
Highest point: Pico Basile 3,008 m
Natural Resources:
Petroleum, natural gas, timber, gold, bauxite, diamonds, tantalum, sand and gravel, clay
Natural Hazards:
Violent windstorms; flash floods
Population:
633,441 (July 2009 estimate)
Equatorial Guinea gained independence in 1968 after 190 years of Spanish rule. This tiny country, composed of a mainland portion plus five inhabited islands, is one of the smallest on the African continent. President Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO has ruled the country since 1979 when he seized power in a coup. Although nominally a constitutional democracy since 1991, the 1996 and 2002 presidential elections - as well as the 1999 and 2004 legislative elections - were widely seen as flawed. The president exerts almost total control over the political system and has discouraged political opposition. Equatorial Guinea has experienced rapid economic growth due to the discovery of large offshore oil reserves, and in the last decade has become Sub-Saharan Africa's third largest oil exporter. Despite the country's economic windfall from oil production resulting in a massive increase in government revenue in recent years, there have been few improvements in the population's living standards.
Equatorial Guinea, officially the Republic of Equatorial is a country located in Central Africa. With an area of 28,000 km2 it is one of the smallest countries in continental Africa. It has a population estimated at half a million. It comprises two parts: a Continental Region (Río Muni), including several small offshore islands and an Insular Region where the capital Malabo is situated.
Equatorial Guinea is bordered by Cameroon on the north, Gabon on the south and east, and the Gulf of Guinea on the west.
Equatorial Guinea is the third smallest country in continental Africa in terms of population. The discovery of sizeable petroleum reserves in recent years is altering the economic and political status of the country.
The Portuguese explorer Fernão do Pó, seeking a path to India, is credited as being the first European to discover the island of Bioko in 1472. He called it Formosa ("Beautiful"), but it quickly took on the name of its European discoverer.
Politics:
In September 1968, Francisco Macías Nguema was elected first president of Equatorial Guinea, and independence was recognised on October 12, 1968. In July 1970, Nguema created a single-party state. Nguema’s reign of terror led to the death or exile of up to 1/3 of the country's population. Out of a population of 300,000, an estimated 80,000 had been killed. The economy collapsed, and skilled citizens and foreigners left. Teodoro Obiang deposed Francisco Macías on August 3, 1979 in a bloody coup d'état.
The president of Equatorial Guinea is Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo. The 1982 constitution of Equatorial Guinea gives Obiang extensive powers, including naming and dismissing members of the cabinet, making laws by decree, dissolving the Chamber of Representatives, negotiating and ratifying treaties and calling legislative elections. Obiang, a former brigadier general, retains his role as commander-in-chief of the armed forces and minister of defence. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and operates under powers designated by the President. The Prime Minister coordinates government activities in areas other than foreign affairs, national defense and security.
On December 15, 2002, Equatorial Guinea's four main opposition parties withdrew from the country's presidential election. Obiang won an election widely considered fraudulent by members of the Western press.[citation needed]
The incumbent president has never equalled the bloodthirsty reputation of former dictator Francisco Macías Nguema, whom he overthrew. On Christmas of 1975, Macías had 150 alleged coup plotters executed to the sound of a band playing Mary Hopkin's tune Those Were the Days in a national stadium.[13]
A huge proportion of the £370 million revenue is confiscated by the president while most of the 500,000 people subsist on less than a dollar a day, sewage runs through the streets of the capital Malabo, and there is no public transport and little drinking water or electricity.
He deposed Francisco Macías on 3 August 1979 in a bloody coup d'état. Macías was placed on trial for his activities over the previous decade and sentenced to death. He was executed on 29 September 1979 by firing squad. Obiang declared that the new government would make a fresh start from the repressive measures taken by Macías' administration. He inherited a country with an empty treasury and a population that had dropped to a third of its 1968 level, with about 50% of the former 1.2 million inhabitants having moved either to Spain or to neighboring African countries, or being murdered during the dictatorship of Obiang's predecessor. He formally assumed presidency in October 1979.
A new constitution was adopted in 1982; at the same time, Obiang was elected to a seven-year term as president. He was reelected in 1989 as the only candidate. After other parties were permitted to organize, he was reelected in 1996 and 2002 in elections condemned as fraudulent by international observers.
Economy:
Pre-independence Equatorial Guinea counted on cocoa production for hard currency earnings. It had the highest per capita income of Africa in 1959. The discovery of large oil reserves in 1996 and its subsequent exploitation have contributed to a dramatic increase in government revenue. Forestry, farming, and fishing are also major components of GDP.
Demographics:
The majority of the people of Equatorial Guinea are of Bantu origin. Bantu is a large category of African languages. It also is used as a general label for over 400 ethnic groups in Sub-Saharan Africa, from Cameroon across Central Africa and Eastern Africa to Southern Africa. "Bantu" means "people" in many Bantu languages.
Some Europeans (largely of Spanish or Portuguese descent) – among them mixed with African ethnicity – also live in the nation. Most Spaniards left after independence. There are a growing number of foreigners from neighboring Cameroon, Nigeria, and Gabon. Equatorial Guinea received Asians and black Africans from other countries as workers on cocoa and coffee plantations. Other black Africans came from Liberia, Angola, and Mozambique. Most of the Asian population is Chinese, with small numbers of Indians.
Religion:
The principal religion in Equatorial Guinea is Christianity which is the faith of 93% of the population. These are predominately Catholic (87%) while a minority are Protestants (5%). Another 5% of the population follow indigenous beliefs and the final 2% comprises Muslims, followers of Baha'i and other beliefs.
Official Language:
The official languages of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea are Spanish and French. The aboriginal languages are recognized as integral parts of the national culture. Spanish has been an official language since 1844. In July 2007, President Teodoro Obiang Nguema announced his government's decision for Portuguese to become Equatorial Guinea's third official language, in order to meet the requirements to apply for full membership in the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP). Official numbers: Spanish (90.5%), Native languages (7%), French (2%), others (mainly English, or German, as well as Fernando Poo Creole English, 1.5%).
Climate:
Tropical; always hot, humid
Equatorial Guinea has a tropical climate with distinct wet and dry seasons. From June to August, Río Muni is dry and Bioko wet; from December to February, the reverse obtains. In between there is gradual transition. Rain or mist occurs daily on Annobón, where a cloudless day has never been registered. The temperature at Malabo, Bioko, ranges from 16 °C to 33 °C, though on the southern Moka Plateau normal high temperatures are only 21 °C . In Río Muni, the average temperature is about 27 °C. Annual rainfall varies from 1,930 mm at Malabo to 10,920 mm at Ureka, Bioko, but Río Muni is somewhat drier.
Education:
Education had been significantly neglected under the regime of Francisco Macias, with few children receiving any type of education. The illiteracy rate dropped from 73 percent to 43 percent under President Obiang's tenure. The number of primary school students has risen from 65,000 in 1986 to more than 100,000 in 1994. Education is free and compulsory for children between the ages of 6 and 14.
In recent years, with change in economic/political climate and government social agendas, several cultural dispersion and literacy organizations are now located in the country, founded chiefly with the financial support of the Spanish government. The country has one university, the Universidad Nacional de Guinea Ecuatorial (UNGE) with a campus in Malabo and a Faculty of Medicine located in Bata on the mainland. The Bata Medical School is supported principally by the government of Cuba and staffed by Cuban medical educators and physicians.
Transportation:
There are six airports in Equatorial Guinea. Its main airport is Malabo International Airport in Punta Europa, Bioko Island. International flights operate from here to Nigeria, Gabon, Benin, Spain, Germany, France, and Switzerland. Mainland Equatorial Guinea is served by Bata Airport, north of Bata, which has domestic air services to Malabo. These two airports, along with three smaller airstrips, have the only paved runways in the country. One other airport has an unpaved runway
Every airline registered in the country appears on the list of air carriers prohibited in the European Union (EU) which means that it is banned for safety reasons from operating services of any kind within the EU.
Due to the big-oil presence in the country, internationally recognised carriers fly to Malabo (Bioko). The carriers include:
Air France - from Paris
Lufthansa - from Frankfurt
Iberia - from Madrid
Geography:
Area:
Total: 28,051 sq km
Land: 28,051 sq km
Water: 0 sq km
Elevation Extremes:
Lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
Highest point: Pico Basile 3,008 m
Natural Resources:
Petroleum, natural gas, timber, gold, bauxite, diamonds, tantalum, sand and gravel, clay
Natural Hazards:
Violent windstorms; flash floods
Population:
633,441 (July 2009 estimate)
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